Chemical experiment for visualizing the process of glucose oxidation by atmospheric oxygen in chemistry teaching
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/Keywords:
demonstration-type chemical experiment, redox reactions, reaction mechanism, reaction kinetics, redox indicators, oxygen transferAbstract
Introduction. This article discusses the potential of using a reaction involving glucose to demonstrate the role of oxygen as the main component in a redox reaction and to visualize redox reactions involving organic compounds when studying their mechanisms.
Materials and Methods. Demonstration-type chemical experiments allow visualization of complex multi-stage processes occurring during glucose oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. Separate sectionsof the article are devoted to the use of chemical experimental methods in organizing research activities.
Results. It has been demonstrated that various indicators that change the color of the medium depending on redox conditions — methylene blue, indigo carmine, resazurin, thionine, and phenosafrani — can be used to visualize glucose oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. The reaction must be carried out in an alkaline medium. To ensure experimental safety, solid alkali can be replaced with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate; however, this significantly reduces the reaction rate and increases transition intervals. High dye concentrations also markedly slow down the process, possibly due to supramolecular self-organization, leading to the formation of large molecular aggregates of dye and solvent molecules that are less active in generating singlet oxygen. This aggregation results from intermolecular electrostatic interactions. It has been shown that the indicator acts as a carrier of singlet oxygen from atmospheric air to the glucose molecule, and glucose oxidation occurs through the formation of acyloin followed by intramolecular redox reactions.
Conclusions. The demonstration-type and exploratory chemical experiments described can be used in secondary school chemistry lessons to develop students’ creative thinking, enhance their understanding of carbohydrate chemical properties, and illustrate the role of indicator substances in chemical reactions. These experiments can also serve as a framework for organizing student research activities, for example, in the study of chemical kinetics.
References
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Башмаков, В. Я. (2017) Об окислительно-восстановительных реакциях в органической химии. Химия в школе, № 1, с. 40–44.
Бишоп, Э. (ред.). (1976) Индикаторы: в 2 т. Т. 2. М.: Мир, 446 с.
Волкова, С. А. (2017) О развитии умения составлять уравнения ОВР. Химия в школе, № 10, с. 22–26.
Иванова, М. А., Кононова, М. А. (1969) Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. Руководство для ассистентов и лаборантов вузов. М.: Высшая школа, 248 с.
Кузнецова, Л. В., Пашкова, Л. И., Власенко, К. К. (2012) Особенности окислительно-восстановительных реакций органических соединений. Химия в школе, № 9, с. 26–30.
Наянова, Е. В., Елипашева, Е. В., Сергеев, Г. М. и др. (2015) Редокс-свойства метиленового голубого как перспективного фотометрического реагента для определения галогенных окислителей. Аналитика и контроль, т. 19, № 2, с. 154–160. https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.005
Новошинский, И. И., Новошинская Н. С. (2024) Об изучении особенностей реакций в органической химии. Химия в школе, № 6, с. 14–19.
Раткевич, Е. Ю., Базаева, М. Г., Голубева, Р. М. и др. (2012) Об использовании понятия «степень окисления» в курсе химии средней школы. Химия в школе, № 4, с. 8–12.
Сабирова, Л. М. (2021) Развитие системы понятий об окислительно-восстановительных реакциях в школьном курсе органической химии. Science Time, № 5 (89), с. 43–46.
Шалашова, М. М. (1998) Непрерывность и преемственность в развитии системы понятий об окислительно-восстановительных реакциях в школьном курсе органической химии. Автореферат диссертации на соискание степени кандидата педагогических наук. М., МПГУ, 17 с.
Dutton, F. B. (1960) Methylene blue — Reduction and oxidation. Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 37, no. 12, article A799. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037pa799.1
Fernández-Pérez, A., Marbán, G. (2020) Visible light spectroscopic analysis of methylene blue in water; what comes after dimer? ACS Omega, vol. 5, no. 46, рp. 29801–29815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03830
Habibi, S. C., Bloom, B. K., Sjoblom, A. E. et al. (2024) Teaching kinetics of the traffic light reaction. Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 101, no. 6, pр. 2505–2512. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01179
Shakhashiri, B. Z. (1985) Chemical Demonstrations: In 5 vols. Vol. 2. A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 312 p.
Tardivo, J. P., Del Giglio, A., de Oliveira, C. S. et al. (2005) Methylene blue in photodynamic therapy: From basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 2, рp. 175–191.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00097-9
REFERENCES
Bashmakov, V. Ya. (2017) Ob okislitel’no-vosstanovitel’nyh reaktsiyakh v organicheskoj khimii [On redox reactions in organic chemistry]. Khimiya v shkole, no. 1, pp. 40–44. (In Russian)
Bishop, E. (ed.). (1976) Indikatory: v 2-kh t. T. 2 [Indicators: In 2 vols. Vol. 2]. Moscow: Mir Publ., 446 p. (In Russian)
Dutton, F. B. (1960) Methylene blue — Reduction and oxidation. Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 37, no. 12, article A799. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037pa799.1 (In English)
Fernández-Pérez, A., Marbán, G. (2020) Visible light spectroscopic analysis of methylene blue in water; what comes after dimer? ACS Omega, vol. 5, no. 46, рp. 29801–29815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03830 (In English)
Habibi, S. C., Bloom, B. K., Sjoblom, A. E. et al. (2024) Teaching kinetics of the traffic light reaction. Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 101, no. 6, pр. 2505–2512. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01179 (In English)
Ivanova, M. A., Kononova, M. A. (1969) Khimicheskij demonstratsionnyj eksperiment. Rukovodstvo dlya assistentov i laborantov vuzov [Chemical demonstration experiment. a manual for university assistants and laboratory technicians]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ., 248 p. (In Russian)
Kuznetsova, L. V., Pashkova, L. I., Vlasenko, K. K. (2012) Osobennosti okislitel’no-vosstanovitel’nykh reaktsij organicheskikh soedinenij [Features of redox reactions of organic compounds]. Khimiya v shkole, no. 9, pp. 26–30. (In Russian)
Nayanova, E. V., Elipasheva, E. V., Sergeev, G. M. et al. (2015) Redoks-svojstva metilenovogo golubogo kak perspektivnogo fotometricheskogo reagenta dlya opredeleniya galogennyh okislitelej [Redox properties of methylene blue as a promising photometric reagent for the determination of halogen oxidants]. Analitika i kontrol’, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 154–160. https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.005 (In Russian)
Novoshinskij, I. I., Novoshinskaya N. S. (2024) Ob izuchenii osobennostej reaktsij v organicheskoj khimii [On studying the features of reactions in organic chemistry]. Khimiya v shkole, no. 6, pp. 14–19. (In Russian)
Sabirova, L. M. (2021) Razvitie sistemy ponyatij ob okislitel’no-vosstanovitel’nykh reaktsiyakh v shkol’nom kurse organicheskoj khimii [Development of the system of concepts on redox reactions in the school course of organic chemistry]. Science Time, no. 5 (89), pp. 43–46. (In Russian)
Shakhashiri, B. Z. (1985) Chemical Demonstrations: In 5 vols. Vol. 2. A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 312 p. (In English)
Shalashova, M. M. (1998) Nepreryvnost’ i preemstvennost’ v razvitii sistemy ponyatij ob okislitel’no vosstanovitel’nyh reaktsiyakh v shkol’nom kurse organicheskoj khimii [Continuity and Succession in the Development of the System of Concepts on Redox Reactions in the School Course of Organic Chemistry]. Extended abstract of PhD dissertation (Biology). Moscow, Moscow Pedagogical State University, 17 p. (In Russian)
Ratkevich, E. Yu., Bazaeva, M. G., Golubeva, R. M. et al. (2012) Ob ispol’zovanii ponyatiya “stepen’ okisleniya” v kurse khimii srednej shkoly [On the use of the concept of “oxidation state” in the high school chemistry course]. Khimiya v shkole, no. 4, pp. 8–12. (In Russian)
Tardivo, J. P., Del Giglio, A., de Oliveira, C. S. et al. (2005) Methylene blue in photodynamic therapy: From basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 2, рp. 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00097-9 (In English)
Volkova, S. A. (2017) O razvitii umeniya sostavlyat’ uravneniya OVR [On developing the skill of Composing Redox Reaction Equations]. Khimiya v shkole, no. 10, pp. 22–26. (In Russian)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Андрей Александрович Сутягин, Владимир Владимирович Меньшиков (Автор)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The work is provided under the terms of the Public Offer and of Creative Commons public license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
This license permits an unlimited number of users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use.
This license retains copyright for the authors but allows others to freely distribute, use, and adapt the work, on the mandatory condition that appropriate credit is given. Users must provide a correct link to the original publication in our journal, cite the authors' names, and indicate if any changes were made.
Copyright remains with the authors. The CC BY 4.0 license does not transfer rights to third parties but rather grants users prior permission for use, provided the attribution condition is met. Any use of the work will be governed by the terms of this license.
