Analysis of technical fitness in female distance swimmers at different stages of training
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2026-220-176-183Keywords:
swimming, female distance swimmers, technical training, kinematic parameters, athletic performance levelAbstract
Introduction. This article analyzes the kinematic parameters of technical fitness in young female freestyle swimmers over an 800-meter distance, tracking their changes across 100-meter segments. The study aimed to analyze data on the technical fitness of female distance swimmers at various stages of athletic development and to justify using these data in the training and competition process.
Materials and Methods. The pedagogical study was conducted from 2022 to 2025 at youth sports schools for swimming in St Petersburg in three age groups of distance swimmers (11–12, 13–14, and 15–16 years old), with 12 athletes in each. The study analyzed changes in the swimmers’ key kinematic parameters — specifically, tempo, stroke length, and swimming velocity — relative to their type of specialization and technical fitness level at various stages of sports training. During competition, as each athlete completed the 800-meter freestyle distance, the time for each 100-meter segment was measured, and the average swimming velocity, tempo, and stroke length in that segment were determined. Expert assessment, time-motion analysis, video analysis of competitive activity, and mathematical statistics were used for data processing.
Results. The data allowed us to analyze the rate and direction of improvement in technical and physical fitness during different periods of athletic development. Qualitative changes in motor task-solving under varying conditions were identified. These changes are achieved through the comprehensive mastery of individual technical skills based on highly complex, differentiated, and precise movements.
Conclusions. Findings indicate that to establish an effective ratio between stroke length and tempo, it is necessary to enhance the development of physical qualities and coordination abilities during training and competition, beginning at the initial training stage and refining them throughout the entire athletic career.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Vadim V. Farbey, Zlata Yu. Ansimova, Svetlana N. Karpova, Alexander A. Zhuravlev
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